Des « mentalités » aux « représentations » : un moment de la recherche aixoise

Je dois au Professeur Bertrand le goût de l’Histoire, de l’histoire religieuse en particulier, mûri il y a 20 ans, alors que je suivais à Aix ses cours sur la Provence et les mentalités. M’ont alors été dévoilées des richesses, du "petit monde d’argile" et des confréries de pénitents marseillais, à la pompe baroque accompagnant la mort du cardinal Grimaldi, jusqu’au diocèse de Senez, visité par Jean Soanen. Sous sa direction, l’archidiocèse d’Arles servit de cadre à mon premier travail d’hist..

Sondage autour de la plate-forme en grès de la "cour du Moyen Empire" à Karnak: Rapport sur la fouille menée du 7 janvier au 5 février 1998

International audienceArchaeological report of the excavations undertaken in january-february 1998 around the sandstone platform located in the " Middle Kingdom Court " at Karnak. The operations have confirmed that the sandstone platform is to be dated to the end of the XIth dynasty, as have conclusively shown the remains of pottery collected there. A block found (reused on behalf of Senwosret Ist) on the top of the structure could belong to a monument of Amenemhet Ist once standing on top of it, if we can trust its stylistic criteria. The U-shape limestone foundations which surround the sandstone structure form the remain of the general foundation system of the " great castle of Amun " of Senwosret Ist. A complementary chapter has been dedicated to the objects formerly found there by J. Lauffray and never plublished since. Another chapter proposes a synthesis of the results of the various and numerous excavations which followed our work there and around. This synthesis is inserted in a wider view of the historical developpement of the temple of Karnak. At the end, a last chapter constitutes an answer to Fr. Larché's theory published in Karnak XII, which challenged our datation of the structures preserved in the Middle Kingdom Court. We show there that the basis of his theory does not resist to a close examination of the remains and that the available data have been misinterpreted.Jean-François Carlotti (UMR 8164), Ernst Czerny, Luc Gabolde (UMR 5140) avec la collaboration de Cheïma Abd el-Sattar (CSA) A PLATE-FORME EN GRES qui se trouve immédiatement à l'est des salles d'Hatchepsout, à l'entrée de la « cour du Moyen Empire », a été signalée en 1904 par L. Borchardt, qui semblait l'assigner au Moyen Empire 2. Elle fut ensuite fouillée une première fois par H. Chevrier qui, lui, ne la datait pas 3. Plus tard, en 1976-1979, J. Lauffray en réalisa un nouveau dégagement et en fit alors effectuer un relevé minutieux 4. Il la considérait comme postérieure au Moyen Empire mais antérieure au Nouvel Empire. L'examen de J. Lauffray semblait révéler plusieurs strates visibles de remblais. Enfin, des structures très anciennes de briques crues – déjà mentionnées, du reste, par H. Chevrier – paraissaient avoir été aperçues au plus profond des sondages. Plus récemment, Th. Zimmer supposait que la plate-forme était l'élément le plus récent de la cour, mais ne lui donnait pas de date précise 5. Il entraînait enfin J.-Cl. Golvin dans la même idée 6. Aucune de ces recherches n'arrivait néanmoins à expliquer de manière satisfaisante la relation spatiale et chronologique de la plate-forme avec le temple de Sésostris I er qui s'était dressé là. En fait, l'examen des plans, des coupes et des photos publiés ou conservés dans les archives du CFEETK a permis de fonder une nouvelle hypothèse d'étude, à savoir que la plate-forme de grès cons-tituerait les vestiges d'un temple antérieur à celui de Sésostris I er , temple primitif qui aurait été arasé par ce dernier roi et dont les restes du soubassement auraient été inclus dans le radier du nouvel édifice 7

Global Distribution of Zooplankton Biomass Estimated by In Situ Imaging and Machine Learning

Zooplankton plays a major role in ocean food webs and biogeochemical cycles, and provides major ecosystem services as a main driver of the biological carbon pump and in sustaining fish communities. Zooplankton is also sensitive to its environment and reacts to its changes. To better understand the importance of zooplankton, and to inform prognostic models that try to represent them, spatially-resolved biomass estimates of key plankton taxa are desirable. In this study we predict, for the first time, the global biomass distribution of 19 zooplankton taxa (1-50 mm Equivalent Spherical Diameter) using observations with the Underwater Vision Profiler 5, a quantitative in situ imaging instrument. After classification of 466,872 organisms from more than 3,549 profiles (0-500 m) obtained between 2008 and 2019 throughout the globe, we estimated their individual biovolumes and converted them to biomass using taxa-specific conversion factors. We then associated these biomass estimates with climatologies of environmental variables (temperature, salinity, oxygen, etc.), to build habitat models using boosted regression trees. The results reveal maximal zooplankton biomass values around 60 degrees N and 55 degrees S as well as minimal values around the oceanic gyres. An increased zooplankton biomass is also predicted for the equator. Global integrated biomass (0-500 m) was estimated at 0.403 PgC. It was largely dominated by Copepoda (35.7%, mostly in polar regions), followed by Eumalacostraca (26.6%) Rhizaria (16.4%, mostly in the intertropical convergence zone). The machine learning approach used here is sensitive to the size of the training set and generates reliable predictions for abundant groups such as Copepoda (R2 approximate to 20-66%) but not for rare ones (Ctenophora, Cnidaria, R2 < 5%). Still, this study offers a first protocol to estimate global, spatially resolved zooplankton biomass and community composition from in situ imaging observations of individual organisms. The underlying dataset covers a period of 10 years while approaches that rely on net samples utilized datasets gathered since the 1960s. Increased use of digital imaging approaches should enable us to obtain zooplankton biomass distribution estimates at basin to global scales in shorter time frames in the future

TERT promoter mutations are highly recurrent in SHH subgroup medulloblastoma

Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations were recently shown to drive telomerase activity in various cancer types, including medulloblastoma. However, the clinical and biological implications of TERT mutations in medulloblastoma have not been described. Hence, we sought to describe these mutations and their impact in a subgroup-specific manner. We analyzed the TERT promoter by direct sequencing and genotyping in 466 medulloblastomas. The mutational distributions were determined according to subgroup affiliation, demographics, and clinical, prognostic, and molecular features. Integrated genomics approaches were used to identify specific somatic copy number alterations in TERT promoter-mutated and wild-type tumors. Overall, TERT promoter mutations were identified in 21 % of medulloblastomas. Strikingly, the highest frequencies of TERT mutations were observed in SHH (83 %; 55/66) and WNT (31 %; 4/13) medulloblastomas derived from adult patients. Group 3 and Group 4 harbored this alteration in <5 % of cases and showed no association wit

The transcriptional landscape of Shh medulloblastoma

© The Author(s) 2021. Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.Sonic hedgehog medulloblastoma encompasses a clinically and molecularly diverse group of cancers of the developing central nervous system. Here, we use unbiased sequencing of the transcriptome across a large cohort of 250 tumors to reveal differences among molecular subtypes of the disease, and demonstrate the previously unappreciated importance of non-coding RNA transcripts. We identify alterations within the cAMP dependent pathway (GNAS, PRKAR1A) which converge on GLI2 activity and show that 18% of tumors have a genetic event that directly targets the abundance and/or stability of MYCN. Furthermore, we discover an extensive network of fusions in focally amplified regions encompassing GLI2, and several loss-of-function fusions in tumor suppressor genes PTCH1, SUFU and NCOR1. Molecular convergence on a subset of genes by nucleotide variants, copy number aberrations, and gene fusions highlight the key roles of specific pathways in the pathogenesis of Sonic hedgehog medulloblastoma and open up opportunities for therapeutic intervention.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Globally consistent quantitative observations of planktonic ecosystems

In this paper we review the technologies available to make globally quantitative observations of particles in general—and plankton in particular—in the world oceans, and for sizes varying from sub-microns to centimeters. Some of these technologies have been available for years while others have only recently emerged. Use of these technologies is critical to improve understanding of the processes that control abundances, distributions and composition of plankton, provide data necessary to constrain and improve ecosystem and biogeochemical models, and forecast changes in marine ecosystems in light of climate change. In this paper we begin by providing the motivation for plankton observations, quantification and diversity qualification on a global scale. We then expand on the state-of-the-art, detailing a variety of relevant and (mostly) mature technologies and measurements, including bulk measurements of plankton, pigment composition, uses of genomic, optical and acoustical methods as well as analysis using particle counters, flow cytometers and quantitative imaging devices. We follow by highlighting the requirements necessary for a plankton observing system, the approach to achieve it and associated challenges. We conclude with ranked action-item recommendations for the next 10 years to move toward our vision of a holistic ocean-wide plankton observing system. Particularly, we suggest to begin with a demonstration project on a GO-SHIP line and/or a long-term observation site and expand from there, ensuring that issues associated with methods, observation tools, data analysis, quality assessment and curation are addressed early in the implementation. Global coordination is key for the success of this vision and will bring new insights on processes associated with nutrient regeneration, ocean production, fisheries and carbon sequestration

MAORY for ELT: preliminary design overview

MAORY is one of the approved instruments for the European Extremely Large Telescope. It is an adaptive optics module, enabling high-angular resolution observations in the near infrared by real-time compensation of the wavefront distortions due to atmospheric turbulence and other disturbances such as wind action on the telescope. An overview of the instrument design is given in this paper

The MAORY first-light adaptive optics module for E-ELT

The MAORY adaptive optics module is part of the first light instrumentation suite for the E-ELT. The MAORY project phase B is going to start soon. This paper contains a system-level overview of the current instrument design